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Current Issue of JNSPS
Aliyu Yakubu, Usman Umar,
Abstract
An important alternative distribution to the Weibull, generalized exponen-
tial and gamma distributions that is used in survival analysis is the Nadarajah-
Haghighi exponential distribution. Similar to the Weibull, generalized exponen-
tial and gamma distributions, the Nadarajah-Haghighi exponential distribution
is an extension of the well known exponential distribution. In this paper, a copula
function commonly used to model very weak linear dependence was used to intro-
duced a bivariate Nadarajah-Haghighi distribution. The joint survival function,
joint probability density function and joint cumulative distribution were given
in closed form. Bayesian method of estimation was used to estimate the model
parameters considering the presence of right censoring and covariates. Posterior
summaries of interest were obtained via standard Markov Monte Carlo (MCMC )
technique. Two real data sets were used to illustrate the importance and flexi-
bility of the bivariate model in comparison with some competing models. It was
observed that, the bivariate Nadarajah-Haghighi distribution provides a better flt
than bivariate exponential, bivariate Weibull, bivariate generalized exponential
and bivariate modified Weibull distributions.
Kolo Matthew Tikpangi, Olarinoye Oyeleke , Salihu Simon Olonkwoh , Ugwuanyi Hyginus Anayo , Onuche Paul , Falade Opeyemi , Chibueze Nwachukwu ,
Abstract
Radon in potable water has become an issue of public health concern, especially when consumed or used directly from source for domestic purposes without any pre-treatment. In this study, 222Rn concentration in 22 water samples collected from 2 groundwater sources (open wells, 12 samples and boreholes, 10 samples) in Bosso town, North central Nigeria were measured using Durridge RAD-7 radon detector with RAD-H2O accessories. 222Rn concentrations in open wells varied from 2.1±0.7 to 27.9±2.5 Bq L-1 with a mean of 10.2±1.5 Bq L-1, while that in boreholes ranged from 2.8±1.1 to 39.2±1.5 Bq L-1 with a mean value of 14.3±1.7 Bq L-1. These values are lower than the 100 Bq L-1 upper limit proposed by the European Union Commission, above which any practical intervention may be necessary. Mean annual committed effective dose to adults, children and infants from ingestion of water were 74.64, 71.58 and 53.17 \muSv y-1 respectively for the open wells and 104.24, 99.96 and 74.26 \muSv y-1 respectively for borehole water samples. Mean whole body dose due to ingestion and inhalation of waterborne radon from open wells and boreholes are 27.56 and 38.48 \muSv y-1 respectively, which are below the reference level of 0.1 mSv y-1 for potable water recommended by the World Health Organization for public safety. The excess lifetime cancer risk were 0.10 × 10-3 for the open wells and 0.13 × 10-3 for the boreholes, which are lower than the world safety limit 0.29 × 10-3. Water from the two groundwater sources investigated is therefore fit for consumption and other domestic usage from the point of view of radiation protection.
Onuegbu S. C., Oluyamo S. S., Olusola O. I.,
Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of bath pH values on the structural and optical properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) thin films synthesized using electrodeposition technique. The films were deposited on conductive fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrates using magnesium nitrate hexahydrate as a precursor material. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the electrodeposited films were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The morphology and optical properties of the films were found to vary with bath pH values. The band gap decreased as the bath pH values increased. The deposited MgO films exhibited average transmittance of 80%, 50%, and 25% with thicknesses 400 nm, 480 nm, and 540 nm for bath pH values of 2.0, 5.0, and 9.0, respectively. The results obtained indicate that bath pH values play significant role in the formation of MgO films and can be used to tune the material into useful optoelectronic applications.
Ibor Ayei, Edim Edim, Ojugo Arnold,
Abstract
This paper focuses on highlighting the problems that are associated with the absence of privacy and security of medical records in a healthcare system. It seeks to bridge the gap between the currently used security protocols in the management of health information, and encryption algorithms that should be used. Extant health information systems have always been developed with conventional databases. With all the privileges to read, write and execute assigned to the administrator, who has centralised control over all medical records, there is the likelihood of the misuse, distortion and loss of such records in the event that the administrator becomes compromised or inadvertent system failure. To solve this problem, the use of decentralised and distributed databases becomes paramount. Blockchain technology has recently received much attention due to its ability to permit a peer-to-peer network with distributed databases that can be stored locally on each node in the network. Subsequently, all updates on records in a database are communicated to all participating parties, hence addressing the problem of centralised control. In this paper, we propose a health information system on a blockchain to create a trust-free system for both health personnel and patients. From the results obtained, we achieved the decentralisation of the medical records’ database to enhance the security and privacy of data on the modeled peer-to-peer network.
Oladosu Stephen Olushola, Alademomi Alfred Sunday, Olaleye James Bolarinwa, Olusina Joseph Olalekan, Salami Tosin Julius,
Abstract
The study proposed an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) model capable of predicting sediment deposited in a dam and sediment loss-in-transit (SLIT) using the potential of a formulated mathematical relation. The input parameters consist of five members viz: the rainfall, the slope, the particle size, the velocity, and the computed total volume of sediment exited from two prominent gullies for 2017, 2018, and 2019. The outputs are the total volume of sediment deposited at the adjoining Ikpoba dam for 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model on sediment volume retained all covariates with p<0.05, explaining 93.8% of the variability in the dataset. The multicollinearity effect on the dataset was assessed using the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) which was found not to pose a problem for (VIF<5). The model was validated using the (MSE), the (MAE), and the correlation coefficient (r). The best prediction was obtained as: (RMSE = 0.0423; R2 = 0.947). The predicted volume of sediment was 842,895.8547m3 with an error of -0.3295344% and the predicted volume of SLIT was 57,787.98m3 which is an indication that ANFIS performs satisfactorily in predicting sediment volume for the gullies and the dam respectively
Bolaji Bolarinwa, Omede B. I., Odionyenma U. B., Ojih P. B., Ibrahim Abdullahi A.,
Abstract
The kernel of the work in this article is the proposition of a model to examine the effect of control measures on the transmission dynamics of Omicron variant of coronavirus disease in the densely populated metropolis of Lagos. Data as relate to the pandemic was gathered as officially released by the Nigerian authority. We make use of this available data of the disease from 1st of December, 2021 to 20th of January, 2022 when omicron variant was first discovered in Nigeria. We computed the basic reproduction number, an epidemiological threshold useful for bringing the disease under check in the aforementioned geographical region of the country. Furthermore, a forecasting tool was derived, for making forecasts for the cumulative number of cases of infection as reported and the number of individuals where the Omicron variant of COVID-19 infection is active for the deadly disease. We carried out numerical simulations of the model using the available data so gathered to show the effects of non-pharmaceutical control measures such as adherence to common social distancing among individuals while in public space, regular use of face masks, personal hygiene using hand sanitizers and periodic washing of hands with soap and pharmaceutical control measures, case detecting via contact tracing occasioning clinical testing of exposed individuals, on the spread of Omicron variant of COVID-19 in the city. The results from the numerical simulations revealed that if detection rate for the infected people can be increased, with majority of the population adequately complying with the safety protocols strictly, then there will be a remarkable reduction in the number of people being afflicted by the scourge of the highly communicable disease in the city.
Alsaati S. A. A., Abdulkadhim T. M. J., Shinen M. H.,
Abstract
In this research, the structural, electronic and optical properties of the armchair (ant) and zigzag (znt) Graphdiyne nanotubes (GDY-NT) with different diameters were studied based on density functional theory (DFT). The computations were done using SIESTA code, based on linear combination of localized atomic orbitals (LCAO) method and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The results from the band structure analysis show that all these nanotubes are semiconductor with direct band gap at gamma point. The band gap of the nanotubes is clearly dependent on the nanotube diameter, and by increasing the nanotube diameter, the band gap is decreased. Optical properties such as dielectric function; absorption coefficient, optical conductivity and refractive index were examined and calculated for all samples. The results show that all these functions have an inverse relationship with the nanotube diameter and a direct relationship with the band gap. The effect of applying the external electric field with intensity of 0.1 V/Å, 0.2 V/Å in the direction of x-axis (perpendicular to the nanotube axis) on the structural and electronic features of these nanotubes has been studied and calculated.
Adeyeye Oluwaseun, Hussain Kashif, Ahmad Nazihah,
Abstract
Fuzzy differential equation models are suitable where uncertainty exists for real-world phenomena. Numerical techniques are used to provide an approximate solution to these models in the absence of an exact solution. However, existing studies that have developed numerical techniques for solving second-order fuzzy ordinary differential equations (FODEs) possess an absolute error accuracy that could be improved. Therefore, this article developed a more accurate higher derivative self-starting block scheme for the numerical solution of second-order FODEs with fuzzy initial and boundary conditions imposed. Linear block approach using Taylor series expansion is adopted for the derivation of the proposed method and the basic properties are established using the definitions of stability and consistency for block methods. According to the numerical results, when compared to the exact solution in terms of absolute error, the new method proposed in this article outperformed existing numerical methods. It is thus concluded that the proposed method is effective for solving second-order FODEs directly.
Erraji Abdelhak, Maizate Abderrahim, Ouzzif Mohamed,
Abstract
Today, computing has become an obligation in the lives of individuals and institutions alike. This magical sector uses and develops very rich, important, and sensitive tools and solutions, which make everyone's life easier. Computers with their tools have become indispensable and they have transformed the world into a small town. These tools revolve around data, the type, nature, and size of which continually increases up to zeta bytes of storage capacity, thus creating BigData. Considering that Relational databases present difficulties in the management of BigData, and Knowing that companies want to keep their data accumulated over decades of exercises and studies on the market, and also taking into account the cost impact if they kept both systems in terms of software, technical support and user training; therefore it is legitimate to find a reliable way to migrate their data from the relational system to a NoSQL system, which designed specifically to handle BigData. In this optic, several studies and approaches have been developed, but they present a lack or weaknesses in the treatment of the main components of the database, which we are going to deal with in our new and integrated approach to migration from the relational database system to MongoDB as a NoSQL system. In this article, we will present our contribution by developing a complete concept of our approach, starting with an introduction, which will be followed by a discussion of what other researchers have done in this direction, then we move on to a phase of analysis and modeling to develop the models and meta-models of the two systems: source and destination, also during this section we also present our analysis and modeling methodology, to present our global approach which divides its treatment into three axes, each of which processes a part of the RDBMS with a particular nature of data: data stored in tables, data carried on the structure of the RDBMS and data coming from the semantics of relational databases. The overall architecture of our approach, which we named ''TMSDRDND'', is formed by two layers: ''TSRSNLayer'' which deals with the transformation of the structure and the transfer of semantic data, and the ''MDRSNLayer'' layer, Which takes care of data migration using an ETL to be developed according to a specific concept and architecture and exploiting the results of the first layer.
Nandhini K., Vidhya V.,
Abstract
Cloud Computing (CC) and Internet of Things (IoT) are upgrowing human intervention to enhance the daily lifestyle. Currently, the heavy loaded traffic congestion is a very big challenge over IoT-based applications. For that purpose, the researchers approached various ways to overcome the congestion mechanism in recent years. Even though, they have futile to acheive the best resource storage accessing capacity expectation other than, Cloud Computing. Data sharing is a key impediment of Cloud Computing as well as Internet of Things. These are the constituent that give rise to the combination of the IoT and cloud computing paradigm as IoT Cloud. Though, preserving the missed data during the execution time is a key factor to indulge the Retrial Queueing Theory (RQT), who is facing issue upon accessing Cloud Service Provider (CSP) enter into virtual pool to preserve the data for reuse. The paper imposes Markov Fluid analysis with Matrix Analytic Method (MAM) allows the data as continuous length of data rather than individual data to avoid the congestion. The virtual orbit queue follow constant retrial rate discipline, that is, head of the orbital users makes attempt to occupy the server are assumed to be independent and identically distributed (i.i.d). Steady-state expression presented to study the behaviour of congestion. An illustrative analysis is produced to gain deep perception into the system model.
Gopi C. , Anand A. E., Charles A., Manivannan C., Lakshmi S. P., Jose A., Muthiyan M.,
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to find the quality of water in and around the Nagapattinam region and geochemical study of water and its chemical composition with qualitative and quantitatively assessed from the period of post monsoon ( January) in the year 2020. Therefore, ten underground water sample were taken from different areas in Nagapattinam region and analysed for the following qualities such as Color, odour, temperature, Electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, Hydrogen ion Concentration, calcium, magnesium, chloride, potassium, sodium, nitrate, and sulphate and trace metals like manganese, lead, chromium, copper, iron, arsenic, cadmium and zinc. The physico chemical parameters indicate the quality of ground water varies from bore well to bore well. Higher values of any parameter in a borehole indicate that the water is not fit for drinking. Therefore, the public is advised that the groundwater source in the study area should be monitored before it is used for domestic and drinking water purposes and that the government should adopt some treatment technology in the current study regions to minimize the hardness and salinity for provide safe water to the public.
TOKAM Leonce Wehnelt, OURO-DJOBO Sanoussi S. ,
Abstract
In developing effective energy management mechanisms, new concepts have been developed to provide new approaches. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is an approach that was originally developed to allow the occupants of a room to identify the contribution of each appliance to the total electricity consumption of the room through a single point measurement device. The aim is to provide customers with information that will enable them to act as `` ` consum'actors", i.e., people who undertake to change their electricity consumption habits for an objective cause. The progress of artificial intelligence in its various forms (machine learning, big data, internet of things) have greatly contributed to increase the interest of NILM among researchers in different fields. Indeed, some of them are adapting this concept to research areas such as water, transport, health, the environment and agriculture. In this context, applications in these fields have been developed to show the potential and benefits of using this approach. In addition to presenting non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) in its general framework, this article presents the interests and applications of this approach in various fields.
Basim M., N. Senu, A. Ahmadian, Ibrahim Z. B., Salahshour S.,
Abstract
This research derives the shifted Jacobi operational matrix (JOM) with respect to fractional derivatives, implemented with the spectral tau method for the numerical solution of the Atangana-Baleanu Caputo (ABC) derivative. The major aspect of this method is that it considerably simplifies problems by reducing them to ones that can be solved by solving a set of algebraic equations. The main advantage of this method is its high robustness and accuracy gained by a small number of Jacobi functions. The suggested approaches are applied in solving non-linear and linear ABC problems according to initial conditions, and the efficiency and applicability of the proposed method are proved by several test examples. A lot of focus is placed on contrasting the numerical outcomes discovered by the new algorithm together with those discovered by previously well-known methods.
Busari Rafiu Adewale, Omotoso Ezekiel, Adewinbi Saheed Adekunle, Animasahun Lukman O., Adewumi Emmanuel O., Famoroti Comfort T., Taleatu Bidini A., Fasasi Adeniyi Y.,
Abstract
The tuning of optical and dielectric parameters, structural and microstructural properties of CdO synthesized via a solution growth two-electrode cell arrangement under ambient environment, with the incorporation of Co ion into its matrix was investigated. The energy band gaps of the films was estimated in the range of 1.69 eV</=Eg</= 1.96 eV. The extinction coefficient, k for all the samples decreases as the incident photon energy increases. The films exhibit considerably high optical conduction across the photon energy with estimated power of 1013 (Omega m)-1. The elemental composition of the samples was determined using the energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry technique. The micrograph images from scanning electron microscopy technique shown that the films are polycrystalline and well-adhered to the substrates with their crystal grains evenly dispersed across the substrates’ surface. The x-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the deposited films are of polycrystalline in nature. The films show preference for orientation along the (111) plane.
Thakur Pankaj, Sharma Pushap Lata, Kapalta Mohini , Kumar Ashok, Bains Deepak, Gupta Sumit,
Abstract
An electrically conducting nanofluid saturated with a uniform porous media has been tested to determine how rotation affects thermal convection. Utilizing the Oldroydian model, which incorporates the specific effects of the electric field, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and rheological factors for the distribution of nanoparticles that are top- and bottom-heavy, one may use linear stability theory to ensure stability. Analysis and graphical representation of the effects of the AC electric field Rayleigh number, Taylor number, Lewis number, modified diffusivity ratio, concentration Rayleigh number, and medium porosity are provided for both bottom-heavy and top-heavy distribution.
Kata N’Detigma , Anate Essodossomondom , Maiga Amadou Seidou , Samah Hodo-Abalo ,
Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of the performance of the photovoltaic cell based on perovskite (MAPbI3) in real conditions of sub-Saharan Africa. A model of this cell has been made taking into account the integration of defects at the interfaces. After a study of the sensitivity of these defects, a passivation layer was introduced at the interface to improve the performance of the cell. The influence of temperature and irradiance on the performance of perovskite cells was studied on the one hand with defects at the interfaces and on the other hand with the integration of a passivation layer of defects. The results show a decrease of the performance ratio for the non-passivated cell due to the defects present at the interfaces of the said cell. The models developed under SCAPS-1D were validated by applying it to a real module found in the literature under the same conditions. The performance calculation shows a satisfactory qualitative and quantitative agreement. The results relative to the performance ratios obtained for the simulated models show that perovskite is on the right track for a potential future candidacy to the most suitable technologies for sub-Saharan Africa.
ADJASSA Mahouton Justine Carine , KOTO N'GOBI Gabin , DONNOU Hagninou Elagnon Venance , KOUCHADE Clément Adéyèmi , KOUNOUHEWA Basile Bruno ,
Abstract
The shortage of electricity in rural areas despite the hydraulic potential they possess is becoming a challenge for Benin. To date, nearly 140,000 people spread over the 42 lakeside villages of this country live in energy inaccessibility, insecurity and poverty. To overcome this situation, the present study is therefore interested in the production of electrical energy on an experimental basis in low water periods thanks to an Archimedean screw turbine which operates at low flow rates and height of fall on the river. Djonou located in southern Benin a few kilometers from the University of Abomey-Calavi. The geometrical and hydraulic parameters of the screw were therefore determined and the device was modeled using Autocard software. A prototype was then made with local recycled materials and tested on the river. The screw specifications indicate an inside and outside radius of 0.072 m and 0.135 m. The length of the screw was set at 0.46 m for a blade radius estimated at 0.137 m. The number of screw blades is equal to 2 with a flow rate of 0.049 $ m^{3}/s $. The inclination angle of the screw is $25^{\circ}$. The device on the experimental site produces a voltage of 16 V and provides a current of about 0.12 A which can power a 2 W lamp. This performance of the prototype made on a small scale is a reliable indicator of the optimal use of this technology in the national hydraulic network of Benin to supply populations with electrical energy.
TOWANOU Odilon Joseph , Donnou Hagninou Elagnon Venance , N’Gobi Gabin Koto, Kounouh´ewa Basile, Leode Augustin Enonsi,
Abstract
West Africa has a great amount of sunshine power, varying between 5 kWh.m^{-2}.day^{-1} and 7 kWh.m^{-2}.day^{-1}. This power constitutes high energy source in the region. However, several locations in that area have no access to energy because of the lack of suitable technology and projects exploiting the source. The fundamental problem related to sun power or to renewable energies in general is the lack of efficient technology for energy storage. Batteries are generally used for this storage, but once charged, the excess of the energy from the solar photovoltaic panels (PV) is lost. Therefore, it is very important to find a system to recover the excess in order to optimize its use. In this context, hydrogen is considered a very promising candidate to fulfill this function and could become a highly developed energy vector in the future. The very numerous works undertaken over the past decade for the production of electricity by hydrogen fuel cells bear witness to this. The objective of this study is to test a more reliable solar energy storage system by using fuel cell technology. To achieve this, three steps have been necessary: (i) make an electrolyser using materials, (ii) produce hydrogen using a system of PV panels and (iii) convert the hydrogen produced into electricity through a fuel cell. The results obtained indicate a production of 0.020 m^3 of hydrogen after 150 min with a yield of 85.86%. The production of electricity by a 2 V fuel cell gives an efficiency of 0.0042%. Even if this value is low, a part of the lost energy has been recovered. In view of these results, the improvement of the device for converting chemical energy into electricity deserves to be deeply explored in West Africa.
Ahmad Abdulaziz G., Okechi Nnamdi F., Uche David U., Salaudeen Abdulwasiu O.,
Abstract
A high-resolution flux-limiting semi-discrete finite volume scheme (HR-FVS) is applied in this study to numerically approximate the nonlinear and non-isothermal flow of one-dimensional lumped kinetic model (1D-LKM), for a fixed-bed column loaded with core-shell particles. The developed model comprise a system of convection-dominated partial differential for mass and energy balances in the mobile phases coupled with differential equation and algebraic equation in the stationary phase. The solution of the model equations is obtained by utilizing a HR-FVS, the scheme has second-order accuracy even on the grid coarse and its explicit nature has the potential to resolve the arisen sharp discontinuities in the solution profiles. A second-order total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge-Kutta technique is used to solve the system of ODEs in time. Several forms of a single-solute mixture are produced to investigate the influences of the fractions of core radius on thermal waves and concentration fronts. Moreover, a particular criterion is introduced for analyzing the performance of the underlying process and to identify the optimal parameter values of the fraction of core radius.
Peter Olumuyiwa James, Fuhnwi Gerard Shu , Agbaje Janet O., Oshinubi Kayode,
Abstract
In data mining, and statistics, anomaly detection is the process of finding data patterns (outcomes, values, or observations) that deviate from the rest of the other observations or outcomes. Anomaly detection is heavily used in solving real-world problems in many application domains, like medicine, finance , cybersecurity, banking, networking, transportation, and military surveillance for enemy activities, but not limited to only these fields. In this paper, we present an empirical study on unsupervised anomaly detection techniques such as Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), (DBSCAN++) (with uniform initialization, k-center initialization, uniform with approximate neighbor initialization, and $k$-center with approximate neighbor initialization), and $k$-means$--$ algorithms on six benchmark imbalanced data sets. Findings from our in-depth empirical study show that k-means-- is more robust than DBSCAN, and DBSCAN++, in terms of the different evaluation measures (F1-score, False alarm rate, Adjusted rand index, and Jaccard coefficient), and running time. We also observe that DBSCAN performs very well on data sets with fewer number of data points. Moreover, the results indicate that the choice of clustering algorithm can significantly impact the performance of anomaly detection and that the performance of different algorithms varies depending on the characteristics of the data. Overall, this study provides insights into the strengths and limitations of different clustering algorithms for anomaly detection and can help guide the selection of appropriate algorithms for specific applications.
Pankaj Thakur, Pushap Lata Sharma, Deepak Bains,
Abstract
It is investigated how changes in gravity affect the thermal instability rotating Jeffrey nanofluids in porous media. Along with the Galerkin method and normal mode approach, the Darcy model is used. The distinct variable gravity parameters taken in this paper are: h(z)=z2-2z, h(z)=-z2, h(z)=-z and h(z)=z and their effects on the Jeffrey parameter, Taylor number, moderated diffusivity ratio, porosity of porous media, Lewis number and nanoparticle Rayleigh number on stationary convection have been scrutinized and graphically shown. Our finding demonstrates that varying gravity parameter h(z)=z2-2z has more stabilising impact on stationary convection. We have also discovered the necessary condition for overstability in the instance of oscillatory convection for this problem.
Issa Kazeem, Olorunnisola Steven Ademola, Aliu Tajudeen, Adeniran Dauda Adeshola,
Abstract
In this paper, approximation of space fractional order diffusion equation are considered using compact finite difference technique to discretize the time derivative, which was then approximated via shifted Gegenbauer polynomials using zeros of (N - 1) degree shifted Gegenbauer polynomial as collocation points. The important feature in this approach is that it reduces the problems to algebraic linear system of equations together with the boundary conditions gives (N + 1) linear equations. Some theorems are given to establish the convergence and the stability of the proposed method. To validate the efficiency and the accuracy of the method, obtained results are compared with the existing results in the literature. The graphical representation are also displayed for various values of \beta Gegenbauer polynomials. It can be observe in the tables of the results and figures that the proposed method performs better than the existing one in the literature.
Ajao Saheed, Adewale Sunday, Olopade Isaac, Akinwumi Titilayo, Adesanya Adelani,
Abstract
New challenges like the outbreak of new diseases, government policies, war and insurgency etc. present distortion, delay and denial of persons’ access to ART, thereby fuelling the spread and increasing the burden of HIV/AIDS. A mathematical model is presented to study the transmission dynamics and control of HIV infection. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the model are carried out. It is shown that the disease-free equilibrium of the model is globally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number is less than unity. It is also shown that a unique endemic equilibrium exists whenever the basic reproduction number exceeds unity and that the model exhibits a forward bifurcation. Furthermore, the Lyapunov function is used to show that the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable for a special case of the model whenever the associated basic reproduction number is greater than unity. The model is calibrated to the data on HIV/AIDS prevalence in Nigeria from 1990 to 2019 and it represents reality. The numerical simulations on the global stability of disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium justify the analytic results. The fraction of the detected individuals who stays in the treatment class plays a significant role as it influences the population of the latently-infected individuals and AIDS class by preventing individuals from progressing into the AIDS class.
Olorunfunmi Sunday, Bahini Armand, Olatinwo Adenike,
Abstract
Elastic scattering cross sections are a fundamental aspect of nuclear physics research, and studying the cross sections of various nuclei can provide important insights into the behavior of nuclei. In this study, the elastic scattering cross sections of 10C projectile by 27Al, 58Ni, and 208Pb target nuclei are analyzed. The aim of this study is to investigate the cluster structure of 10C and the sensitivity of the elastic scattering cross sections to different potentials. To achieve this objective, the double folding optical model and a simple cluster approach are used to analyze the cross sections. The real part of the optical potential is obtained by folding two different effective interactions, Michigan-3-Yukawa (M3Y) and JeukenneLejeune-Mahaux (JLM), with four different cluster density distributions of the 10C nucleus: 6Be + \alpha, 9B + p, 8Be + p + p, and \alpha + \alpha + p + p. The imaginary part is taken to be a Woods-Saxon phenomenological form. The sensitivity of the elastic scattering cross sections to different potentials is assessed by comparing the results obtained using different potentials. The cluster structure of 10C is validated by comparing the theoretical results with experimental data. The results show that the cross sections are sensitive to the choice of potential used and that the cluster structure of 10C is validated. The theoretical results show reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
Yahya Wasiu, Yahaya A. A., Adewale A. A. , Sholagberu A. A., Olasunkanmi N. K. ,
Abstract
Thermo-electric (TE) material applications reduce reliance on traditional energy resources by converting heat to electric energy. We have studied, for the first time, the thermo-electric properties of Rb2SeX6 (X=Br,Cl). Using norm-conserving pseudo potentials in a plane wave basis set of Quantum Espresso code, the optoelectronic, elastic and thermo-electric properties of Rb2SeX6 (X=Br,Cl) have been investigated using density functional theory. Generalized Gradient Approximation of Perdew Burke Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE) and Generalized Gradient Approximation of Perdew Burke Ernzerhof adapted for Solid (GGA-PBESol) exchange correlation functionals were employed in all calculations. The band structure plots suggest that the studied double perovskites have indirect band gaps. Rb2SeBr6 band gap values of 1.7574/ 1.569 eV (using GGA-PBE/PBEsol) are remarkably similar to that of two effective inorganic/organic perovskites FAPbI3 and MAPbI3 . Maximum peaks generated from refractive index results indicate possible solar cell uses of the materials because they are in the visible and ultraviolet ranges. The results of other optical properties such as absorption coefficients, electron energy loss, conductivity, and reflectivity concludes that Rb2SeX6 (X=Br,Cl) have good values for electron generation, high potential for applications in the optoelectronic industry and are semiconductor in nature. The calculated shear anisotropy values of Rb2SeBr6/Cl6 are 3.09/1.71, suggesting that they are isotropic materials. With calculated Poisson’s ratio of 0.32 and 0.26, the materials are predicted to be ductile in nature. The two materials are appropriate for thermo-electric applications since their thermal to electrical conductivity ratio are small (the order of 10-5). The calculated minimum values of Seebeck coefficient values of 0.198×103 / 0.166 ×103 (mV/K) at 750 K, for Rb2SeBr6/Cl6 are positive, indicating that they have p-type conduction. Figure of merit values at all temperature range considered are greater than one (ZT > 1) for both Rb2SeBr6 and Rb2SeCl6, suggesting that they are good thermo-electric materials. The results of the calculations provide the basis for the industrial application of Rb2SeBr6/Cl6 as solar cells.
A Thirumalai, K Muthunagai, Agarwal Ritu,
Abstract
Pre-functions are functions that possess a sequence $\{f_{n}(z,\beta)\}$ which tends to one of the elementary functions as $n$ tends to infinity and $\beta$ tends to 0. The main objective of this paper is to broaden the scope of pre-functions from functions of a real variable to functions of a complex variable by introducing pre-functions of a complex variable. We have analyzed the pre-functions of a complex variable for their properties. The pre-Laguerre, pre-Bessel and pre-Legendre polynomials of a complex variable have been obtained as special cases. Graphs have been used to visualize complex pre-functions.
Guma Fathelrhman EL, Badawy Ossama M., Berir Mohammed , Abdoon Mohamed A. ,
Abstract
The main idea of this work is numerical simulation and stability analysis for the fractional-order dynamics of the dengue disease outbreak in Sudan. This research uses a computer technique based on the Adams-Bashforth approach to numerically resolve a fractional-order dengue epidemic in Sudan. Analyses of numerical and dynamic stability show that the fractional-order dengue fever model is sensitive to initial conditions for those parameters. Therefore, the parameters’ values are critical in establishing how many individuals will get better from their sickness and how many will become ill. The proposed method is effective in providing an illustration of the solution’s dynamics over a very long horizon of time, which is crucial for making accurate predictions about the spread of dengue in Sudan. In addition, this method can be utilized to assess the efficacy of various intervention strategies and inform public health policies aimed at reducing the burden of dengue fever in Sudan. It can also assist in identifying areas most susceptible to dengue infestations and prioritizing disease control resources.
Current Issue of ASR
Kamba E. A. , Yerima E. A. ,
Abstract
Photo-catalytic reactions have been carried out and proved to be conducted under mild conditions in contrast to several conventional industrial chemical processes, which involve the use of high amounts of temperature and pressure. In this work, an investigation of the photo-catalytic oxidation of 1-hexene was carried out using UVA-activated TiO2, and coupled TiO2/WO3 to drive organic reactions. Different mol % of WO3 ranging from 1-7mol% were used to monitor effect of coupling amount. The chosen photocatalyst was immobilized on glass beads using an innovative in-house procedure. The immobilized catalyst was then used in a vapour-phase flow reactor designed for alkene photo-oxidation studies. It was possible to establish oxidation rates of 0.14+-0.02 mmol/h for 1-hexene with TiO2/WO3 (1mol %). 1,2-epoxyhexane was successfully synthesized from 1-hexene achieving 15.9% conversion and 41% and 54% selectivity for the 1-hexene, 1,2-epoxyhexane and CO2 respectively when H2O/O2 was used as oxidant. Selectivity of 96% and 97% for CO2 were achieved with N2 and O2 respectively. No epoxide was formed with either N2 or O2 alone.
Raymond D, Pantuvo T. P., Lydia A., Sabo J., Ajia R.,
Abstract
An optimized half-step third derivative block scheme on testing third order initial value problems is presented in this article. This scheme suggests some certain points of evaluation which properly optimizes the truncation errors at point of formulas, the conditions that guarantee the properties of the method was considered and satisfied. However the develop scheme is used to test some third order optimized problems and the mathematical outcomes achieved confirms better calculation than the previous method we related with.
Enwemiwe Victor N., Oluwagbemi Emmanuel B., Ayoola Ebenezer O., Obi Clement C., Okushemiya John U., Ufoegbune Hilda,
Abstract
Determination of physicochemical characteristics of soil and water adjoining dumpsites is important to ascertain the fitness of drinkable water and their public health implications. Following the paucity of information on this area of study, physicochemical characteristics of water and soil in electronic waste dump site, Alaba, Lagos, Nigeria. Six samples from the dumpsite made up of three soil and water respectively were collected and extracted using USEPA methods. One soil and water sample far from the dumpsite served as control. Physicochemical parameters of water and soil samples were determined using standard methods. Results show that pH of the water samples ranged from 4.81 to 7.30. SW1 had highest pH (slightly alkaline) while SW3 had lowest pH and was acidic. The electrical conductivity of SW1, SW2 and SW3 ranged from 61 µS to 1421 µS respectively. Water temperature was between 29.53 and 29.57oC. Total dissolved solid of the water ranged from 32.33 to 722 mg/L. Sulphate ranged from 238 mg/L to 314 mg/L. Phosphate ranged from 41.92 to 60 mg/L. Dissolved oxygen ranged from 0.93 to 2.4 mg/L. Similarly, soil pH ranged from 6.57 to 7.44. Soil temperature ranged from 28.43 to 30.7. Soil organic carbon ranged from 13.75% to 20.25% while the soil organic matter ranged from 17.88% to 26.32%. Soil particle distribution ranged from 58.56 – 87.52% sand, 3.22 – 13.79% clay and 8.84 – 27.65% slit. Some physicochemical characteristics of soil and water in sampled location did not follow the WHO standard. This study has informed the state of water available for consumption as well as the state of soil contamination. Proper care is required to checkmate this location to avoid future contaminations.
Omugbe Ekwevugbe, Osafile O. E., Nenuwe N.O., Enaibe E. A.,
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries and energy storage devices play a major role in many facets of human endeavour due to their efficiency and portability. In this work, we investigated the suitability of single-layer intercalated Yttrium-based MXenes Y2CT2 (T= Li, Mg, Al) and Y2NLi2 as potential energy storage materials using the first principle calculation within the framework of the density functional theory approach. Upon intercalation, the lattice constants of the MXenes expand due to the size of the intercalating species and the electrostatic repulsion. We obtained the theoretical gravimetric capacities, open circuit voltages and adsorption energies. The obtained open circuit voltages for Y2CT2 (T= Li, Mg) and Y2NLi2 falls within the voltage window of 0 ? 1.0V which has been found to eliminate dendrites formation caused by alkaline metals during the discharge-charge cycle. The adsorption energies indicate the stability of the intercalating ion on the MXenes surfaces except for Al cation. The results are consistent with other studies on similar MXene families in the existing literature. The work may aid the understanding of the electrochemical properties of 2D materials and we recommend Y2CLi2, Y2NLi2 , and Y2CMg2 for future investigation as potential materials for rechargeable batteries.
Osumejeh J. O., Eshimiakhe D., Kudanmya E. A. , Ojo F., Lawal K. M.,
Abstract
Geophysical methods are becoming an increasingly valuable tool even for agricultural applications. Agricultural geophysics investigations are commonly focused on delineating small- and/or large-scale objects/features within the soil profile (````````~ 0 to 2 m depth) over very large areas. The study was carried out at a farm site in Ahmadu Bello University, to delineate subsurface structures with depth. It revealed the lithological units in the study area. The analyses has revealed various lithological units from the results of the inverted sections along the profiles. The study area has shown clearly two distinct layers, overburden and weathered basement. The overburden layer is clayey sand, sandy clay, and laterite. This laterite soil show very high resistivity anomaly that may be referred to as consolidated laterite. The weathered layer which contains medium grained sand with clay and feldspar materials also has the presence of fractured part that could act as the aquifer in the area. From the subsurface properties, this farm land may have low agricultural yield or may limit the cultivation potential of the region, but the region may be good for underground water yield.
John S., Raymond D., Kyagya T. Y., Lydia A.,
Abstract
The numerical application of higher order linear block method for the direct solution of fourth order initial value problems was proposed using the linear block algorithm, where the methods applied in block form. The method is zero-stabile, consistent and convergent when analyzing the properties of the method. The mathematical example solved using the method is effective, suitable, and acceptable for solving fourth order initial value problems. The method is also compared with existing work when solving similar systems of differential equation and obviously, the method performs better than those in literature and textual shown.
Okorie Charity Ebelechukwu, Nwaokolo Martin Afam,
Abstract
Diabetes is a medical condition in which the body cannot produce enough insulin to process the glucose in the blood. Type 2 diabetes is mostly diagnosed in order adults but it is increasingly seen in children, adolescent and younger adult. It is discovered that the rate at which patients are diagnosed of diabetes has been on the increase despite the series of diabetic drugs that are available. This prompted the researchers to carry out this research so as to determine the potency of drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Data were collected from Specialist Hospital, Jalingo Taraba State. The data were used to obtain the relative potency and pooled variance as well as analyzing the potency of the diabetes drug. The result for the relative potency which is > 1 (1.62), means that the test preparation is less potent than the standard test preparation. We also observed that their confidence interval lies between (-12.88,17.05). Analyzing the significance difference between the standard test preparation and the test preparation, using the student t test we obtain calculated t=1.93 and the t value from the table=1.96. We conclude that since tcal=1.93 <ttab=1.96, we accept H1; and conclude that there is significant difference between Dji and Djk drugs (standard test preparation and test preparation respectively). This means that more effort is needed in the area of research for more diabetic drugs that will be highly effective in the treatment of diabetes.
Famutimi Olalekan Femi, Oluyamo S. S, Olasoji M. O.,
Abstract
The application of silicon and silicon based materials in industries and optoelectronic devices cannot be over emphasized due to their unique properties. The availability of high grade silicon has been subject of interest for manufacturers and industrialist as the material has from discovery been very much insufficient to cater for the numerous demands for different uses and utilization. Numerous efforts have been put together to adapt the properties of silicon through the manufacture and fabrication of semiconductor compounds to replace silicon in functionality. Notwithstanding, the quest for more silicon in the environment is yet unabated. This research centers on the isolation and characterisation of high grade nanosilicon from coastal landform in Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria due to the attractive nature of the landforms in terms of colour and texture. Sand from the selected study area were categorised into different forms according to their colour and silicon isolated using the magnesiothermic reduction while the nanosilicon was obtained using an appropriate ball milling process. The morphology of nanosilicon from Zion, Micheal-Ugbonla, and Oluwa Glass coastal landforms shows an agglomeration of particles with irregular shapes having average particle sizes of 58.98 nm, 77.82 nm, and 37.27 nm, respectively. The XRD spectra of the nanosilicon showed sharp, distinct peaks that indicate crystallinity of the samples. The percentages of nanosilicon value obtained ranges from 65.23%-80.30% and considered high enough to find specific useful industrial applications in lithium ion batteries, biomedical devices, opto electronic device utilization and computer industries.
Adejumo Taiwo Joel, Okegbade Ayobami Ibukun, Idowu Janet Iyabo, Oladapo Olasunkanmi James, Oladejo Olanrewaju O.,
Abstract
Economy of a country can absorb shock and as well boost confidence through external reserves. Hence, external reserves play an important role to the extent that it helps in stabilizing the country’s economy. This study focuses on modeling the Nigeria external reserves using time series technique. 30-year data were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) bulletin from 1990 – 2019. Some economic tools used to diagonize the data are Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, unit root tests Kwaitkowshi – philips – Schmiot – Shin test in order to ascertain the stationary of the data. Meanwhile, Auto Regression Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used as model for prediction whereby Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Hannan-Quinn Information Criterion (HQIC) were used as model diagnostic checking. At original level, the data showed an upward trend and found out to be non-stationary. When further examined using the diagnostic economic tools, at first difference the data were found to maintain a state of equilibrium. Also, model diagnostic checking revealed that ARIMA (2,1,7) was found to be the appropriate optimal model and thereby used for forecast for the next five years. Hence, the forecasted values revealed that the Nigeria external reserves will continue to increase steadily. Consequently, government should put in place legal policies that will enhance, increase accumulation and proper management of external reserves.
Abdulra'uf Lukman, Aliu Muinat, Junaid Abibat, Ibraheem Abdulrahman, Ishaq Aisha, Lawal Abubakar, Ayeni` Kikelomo, Lawal Amudalat,
Abstract
A rapid, cost-effective and environment-friendly sample pre-treatment method involving dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed and applied for the extraction of oxytetracycline and doxycycline residues in beef samples (liver, kidney and muscle). Several influencing factors associated with the extraction and separation of these antibiotics residues, such as sample size, type and volume of disperser and extraction solvents, centrifugation speed and time, were optimized using Plackett-Burman design and central composite design, while insignificant factors were fixed at values determined using univariate analysis. Figures of merit of the analytical methodology including the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy (in terms of average recoveries), precision and calibration functions were established according to the European Union commission decision 2002/657/EC. Linearity, in the range of 5–500 µg/kg, was obtained with regression coefficients ranging from 0.9983 – 0.9999. Inter-day repeatability, intra-day precision, LODs and LOQs obtained were 3.81 – 14.90%, 3.80 – 8.70%, 4.21 – 4.69 µg/kg and 14.02 – 15.65 µg/kg respectively. Samples with detectable drug residues have oxytetracycline being the most commonly detected. The developed method was successfully established and the concentration levels of drug residues detected were lower than the European Union set maximum residue level (MRL).
Agunloye Ayomide Oluwaseyi,
Abstract
Internet of things (IoT) connected devices operate at extremely low voltages that are susceptible to common-mode noise and electromagnetic interference. As a result of this, integrating IoT devices with low or high-voltage direct current power sources requires galvanic isolation which is often expensive to attain. In this work, the use of a low-cost conventional optocoupler (4N35) in the galvanic isolation of an IoT voltmeter required to measure the potential difference of a low voltage direct current source with a maximum relative error of 1% was investigated and experimentally verified. The proposed isolator circuit was first simulated using NI Multism and then fabricated on a printed circuit board for experimental verification after satisfactory simulation results. Measurement results from the experimental verification process were used to fit quadratic and cubic regression equations that approximate the input signal voltage from the isolator’s output voltage measured by the IoT voltmeter. Lastly, the isolator and IoT voltmeter were connected to a variable 100-1000 VDC source via a potential divider network for performance verification at a voltage step of 100 VDC. Here, the isolator successfully achieved its primary goal of providing galvanic isolation between the voltage source and the IoT voltmeter while maintaining a maximum relative error of 1%.
Abubakar U., Ahmad M. M., Al-Amin U. A., Sadiq A. A., Mohammed A., Mohammed D., Izge I. Y., Sidi M., Mohammed A.,
Abstract
The study aims at measuring the entrance surface dose (ESD) of the thyroid gland of infant patients undergoing anterior-posterior (AP) chest x-ray in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto (UDUTHS). The study further determines the effective dose to the thyroid on infant patients undergoing AP chest x-ray. Also, compare the entrance surface dose of infant patients obtained from the study with other similar studies and diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP. This is a prospective cross-sectional study and the primary source of data was obtained. Pediatric patients used for the study who are referred to the radiology department for an anteroposterior chest x-ray, UDUTH, Sokoto state, Nigeria. A non-probability sampling technique was adopted for the patient who came in for a chest x-ray (AP) and as recommended by ICRP that a minimum of 10 patients should be used to determine the ESD for each projection, therefore 15 patients were adopted for this study. The result of the ESD obtained for the thyroid on infant patients undergoing chest x-ray (AP) was averaged and the mean of the ESD was 1.38 mGy. This result was compared to similar studies done within the country and outside the country and with the European Commission on radiological protection as seen in Table 6 and Figure 3. The ESD obtained in this study is much higher than those obtained in similar studies as well as the recommended Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs). The method adopted in the study was recommended by the international commission on radiological protection, as a result of this, comparisons were reliably made with the reference values and similar studies. The result has shown that entrance surface doses and radiation doses to the thyroid exceed the permissible value in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto.
Chidiebere Chiagoziem Wisdom, Anthonia Ugochukwu Aniefuna Azuka,
Abstract
Skin whitening, also known as skin lightening or skin bleaching, is utilizing chemical compounds to lighten or even out the skin’s colour by lowering the skin’s melanin concentration. The biosynthetic process of melanogenesis and the related main regulatory signaling pathways are summarized in this paper. It also addresses the efficacy of natural skin-whitening treatments based on their mode of action on melanogenesis and their compound classification. The review’s goal is to provide useful information and create awareness on the effects of bleaching cream.
Abdulkareem A. O., Adeshola A. D., Ibrahim G. R., Oladejo S. O.,
Abstract
A phase-space factorization of lines in finite geometry G(m) with variables in Zm and its correspondence in finite Hilbert space H(m) for m a non-prime was discussed. Using the method of Good [15], lines in G(m) were factorized as products of lines G(mi) where mi is a prime divisor of m. A lattice was formed between the non trivial sublines of G(m) and lines of G(mi) and between a subspace of H(m) and bases of H(mi) and existence of a link between lines in phase space finite geometry and bases in Hilbert space of finite quantum systems was discussed.
Orosun M. M., Lawal Q. T., Ehinlafa E. O., Egbeyale G. B., Okwajebi G. O., Adewuyi A. D.,
Abstract
High concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides in food can have adverse effect on human health. Radioactivity measurement of radionuclides in Catfish and Tilapia fish samples from Asa-Dam Ilorin, Nigeria was carried out using gamma ray spectrometer technique. The results of the gamma ray spectrometry were utilized in the estimation of some radiological parameters in the bid to effectively determine the extent of the health implications as regards to radiation from the consumption of fishes in that area. The mean activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th for Catfish are 37.90±2.83, 8.08±2.71 and 11.73±2.51 Bqkg-1, respectively. Similarly, the mean activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th for Tilapia are 26.31±3.67, 6.16±2.47 and 8.89±2.19 Bqkg-1, respectively. The mean values of 40K, 232Th and 238U in Catfish were observed to be high when compared to Tilapia. The average absorbed dose rate for both Catfish and Tilapia samples were 12.40 and 9.31 nGyh-1. The mean annual effective doses were 29.65, 276.81, 52.04, 41.10 and 35.00 ?Svy-1; 22.41, 209.10, 38.99, 30.93 and 26.43 ?Svy-1 for adult, fishermen, 5 years, 10 years and 15 years, respectively for cat and Tilapia fish. The estimated excess lifetime cancer risk for adult, fishermen, 5 years, 10 years and 15 years were 0.10, 0.97, 0.18, 0.14, and 0.12 and 0.09, 0.85, 0.16, 0.13 and 0.11 for both Catfish and Tilapia, respectively. The results of all the radiological parameters estimated showed trends that are generally low, hence, poses no significant radiological health burden.
Usman Abdullahi, Ali Tijjani, Ibrahim Khalifa Aliyu, Ismail Magaji,
Abstract
Biogas has been increasingly used in generating energy in the deregulated energy market. Biogas production has been identified as a sustainable approach to mitigating the effect of climate change and global warming. This work conducted a comparative study of biogas production from poultry waste (Chicken droppings) and banana peels under the same operating conditions. 100g of each sample was mixed with 200cm³ of water for poultry waste and 400cm³ for banana peels and loaded into four cylindrical digesters. Each container was shaken to ensure a homogenous mixture and fermentation. Biogas was measured using the water displacement method for 14 days at an average of 27.7oC. The pH, temperature, and concentration were observed to affect biogas production. Within 14 days, 1556cm3 and 755cm3 of biogas were produced for poultry waste and banana peels. This shows that poultry waste produces more biogas than banana peels. Hence, it can be deduced that poultry waste is potentially a more promising feedstock for biogas production than banana peels; and can provide an alternative energy source for the local community in place of the conventional fossil fuel source.
