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Current Issue of JNSPS
James Adewale, Ajileye Ganiyu , Abdullahi Ayinde , Oyedepo Taiye,
Abstract
In this work, a collocation technique is used to determine the computational solution to fractional order Fredholm-Volterra integro-differential equations with boundary conditions using Caputo sense. We obtained the linear integral form of the problem and transformed it into a system of linear algebraic equations using standard collocation points. The matrix inversion approach is adopted to solve the algebraic equation and substituted it into the approximate solution. We established the uniqueness and convergence of the method and some modelled numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the method’s correctness and efficiency. It is observed that the results obtained by our new method are accurate and performed better than the results obtained in the literature. The study will be useful to engineers and scientists. It is advantageous because it addresses the difficulty in tackling fractional order Fredholm-Volterra integro-differential problems using a simple collocation strategy. The approach has the advantage of being more accurate and reducing computer running time.
Agboeze E., Ajah D. N., Ihedioha J. N., Chukwudi-Madu E., Chime C. C.,
Abstract
Levels of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd) were determined in soil, rice grain, and rice stalk from Federal College of Agriculture Ishiagu rice field, Ebonyi state, Nigeria. The dried samples were digested with a 1: 3 (HNO3: HCl) mixture and analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentration of the metals in the soil before planting, soil after harvest, and rice grain were as follows: Zn (7.28, 11.33 and 24.90); Cu (3.40,4.64 and 4.14); Fe (803.04, 735.47 and 107.78); Cd (1.14, ND and ND) and were all within FEPA and FAO/WHO limits. The daily intake values for a 60 kg adult were Zn (0.04), Cu (0.01), and Fe (0.18) and were all below the recommended limits by Codex Alimentarius standards. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) for Zn, Cu, and Fe was less than one (1<), and the total hazard index was less than 1, indicating that the population will not be exposed to the potential health risk from these metals. However, the metal levels should be monitored to ensure they stay at harmless levels.
Lala M. A., Adesina O. A., Odejobi O. J., Sonibare J. A.,
Abstract
Rice-husk is one of the most abundant and commonly utilized biomass. It can be used directly to generate primary heating agent in combustion plants. However, emission characteristic of biomass usually vary depending on factors such as the variety of the parent plant, region of cultivation and climatic condition. Moreover, gases emission from biomass combustion could be detrimental to health; hence there is a need for information on the theoretical volume of air and flue gases required for optimal operation of combustion equipment. Thus, this work analyzed the theoretical combustion air requirement and the resulting flue gas volume of the abundant Nerica-rice-husk variety. Rice-husk samples were collected from southwestern part of Nigeria. The samples were characterised for their ultimate and proximate content. Afterward, the combustion analysis was carried out using the elemental composition obtained from the ultimate analysis to determine the theoretical combustion air requirement and the resulting flue gas volume. The proximate analysis result showed the moisture content level, fixed carbon content and ash content value of 10.93%,12.59% and 18.26% respectively for sample A and 9.80%, 20.76% and 14.81% for sample B. This reveals that Nerica-rice-husk is advisable for use as an alternative energy source in a combustion process. The calculated theoretical volume of air for sample A was 3.69596 (N m3/kg fuel), while 3.53947 (N m3/kg fuel) was obtained for sample B. This signifies a slight different between the combustion properties of rice-husk of same variety. It also showed that more quantity of theoretical air will be required to burn sample A compared to sample B, and that sample A will generate little more emissions compared to sample B. Hence, this study reveals the volume of air required for low emission combustion of Nerica-rice-husk in combustion plants.
Hassan Jabar, Majeed Haider , Arif Ghassan Ezzulddin ,
Abstract
We use the contraction mapping theorem to present the existence and uniqueness of solutions in a short time to a system of non-linear Volterra integral equations in a certain type of direct-sum H[a; b] of a Hilbert space V[a; b]. We extend the local existence and uniqueness of solutions to the global existence and uniqueness of solutions to the proposed problem. Because the kernel function is a transcendental function in H[a; b] on the interval [a; b], the results are novel and very important in numerical approximation.
Current Issue of ASR
Lawal Hammed A., Mohammed Mukhtar I.,
Abstract
Air pollution has become one of the agents that leads to the cause of life-threatening diseases in our contemporary world. Among the major air pollutants is the Particulate Matters PM2.5 and PM10.0. Long-time exposure to fine particles PM2.5 and PM10.0 in the environment has been linked to serious respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this research is to find the concentration of PM in some selected areas in Nigeria (Africa) namely; Lagos, Rivers and Abuja using Purpleair real time data for 12 weeks duration from 1st November 2021 to 31st January 2022. Findings have shown that among the study areas, Port Harcourt has the highest concentration of Particulate Matters followed by Abuja with a 12-weekly average PM2.5_CF1, PM10.0_CF1 and PM2.5_ATM to be 87.80 µg/m3, 101.76 µg/m3 and 63.15 µg/m3 respectively while Abuja has an average PM2.5_CF1, PM10.0_CF1 and PM2.5_ATM values of 70.51 µg/m3, 86.21 µg/m3 and 52.07 µg/m3 respectively. It was also found that the relationship between PM2.5 and PM10.0 showed a positive correlation with R = 0.99 indicating strong linear relationship.
Obi Samuel O., Akeyede Imam,
Abstract
Accurate prediction of the natural gas consumption in Nigeria is crucial to Gas management. This study utilizes the improved Grey model (MGM(1,1,?b)), which is an improvement of the modified Grey model (MGM(1,1)), to forecast the natural gas consumption of Nigeria for the year 2021 to 2025. A secondary data retrieved from the NNPC 2019 annual statistics bulletin was used to build a model for this prediction. Noting that MGM(1,1) model uses the Grey action quantity as a unique real number which do not reflect the uncertainty nature of Grey systems. A model (MGM(1,1,?b)) was developed such that it extends the MGM(1,1) model to retain the uncertainty nature of Grey systems. The new modified Grey model (MGM(1,1,?b)) was used to make prediction of the natural gas consumption of Nigeria and the results shows that the (MGM(1,1,?b)) model gives a prediction interval which the actual value is bracketed. This implies that natural gas consumption of Nigeria for 2021 to 2025 lies within the (MGM(1,1,?b)) model prediction values for the same year.
Ajibade F. D., Akinbo G., Ajisope M. O. , Fatai M. O.,
Abstract
The paper analyzes the convergence of Ishikawa iteration to the fixed point of a class of '-quasinonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces, as well as the stability of the Ishikawa iteration used in approximating the fixed point. The work not only confirmed Ishikawa iteration’s convergence and stability to the fixed point of '-quasinonexpansive mappings, but it also pointed the way for future research in the estimate of fixed points of ?-quasinonexpansive mappings.
Tijani Muhammed Adekilekun, Adepoju Gafari Abiola, Okelola Muniru Olajide,
Abstract
Economic Dispatch Problem (EDP) is a power system optimization problem that is required to be solved accurately using an efficient optimization technique. Hybrid optimization solutions have provided better optimum results than either deterministic or non-deterministic optimization methods. The hybridization of both Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bat Algorithm (BA) to for Hybrid Particle Swarm Bat Algorithm (H-PS-BA) optimization technique for solving EDP of Nigerian 21 thermal generating station power system was carried out in this work. The result of the work revealed that H-PS-BA performed better and gave the best optimal generation costs when compared to other methods such as PSO, Interior Point Method and BA.
Agboeze E., Ani N. P., Omeje E. O.,
Abstract
Microcrystalline cellulose is a vital ingredient in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. In this study, Bambara nutshell microcrystalline cellulose (BNS-MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis modification of Bambara nutshell alpha-cellulose pulp. The sample was subjected to sodium hydroxide pulping (2.0% and 17.5% NaOH respectively) and a multistage pulping treatment using 3.5% nitric acid. The analysis results showed that the pulping method was effective for substantial removal of lignin with a 14.416% yield of alpha-cellulose pulp. The organoleptic and physicochemical properties of BNS-MCC were examined. The prepared BNS-MCC powder was examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD). The sample’s powder flow properties (true density, Hausner index, Carr’s index, angle of repose,
powder porosity, loss on drying, and moisture sorption capacity) were (1.216g/mL, 1.34, 25.75%, 39.80o, 64.7%, and 46.81%). The results of the analysis of the BNS-MCC compared well with commercial grades and conformed to US Pharmacopeia (USP) and British Pharmacopeia specifications. This result shows that Bambara nutshells have potential application for pharmaceutical grade cellulose production used in direct compression tableting.
Agboeze E., Chukwuegbo E. U., Ogbuanu C. C., Amujiogu S.,
Abstract
Speculations have it that phthalonitrile imparts flame retardancy on substrates. This study aimed to investigate the activities of phthalonitrile as flame retardant on 100% cotton fabric. The fabric samples tested were cut into 25:4 x 7 cm pieces, scoured, dried, and weighed. They were then impregnated with different concentrations of phthalonitrile in different solvents (benzene and acetone) and emulsion alongside alum dissolved in water. At the same time, the untreated fabric was used as a control. All the impregnated pieces of fabric were dried at room temperature and reweighed. The fabrics were subjected to add-on%, after flame time, after-glow time, and % char formation tests. The results showed that cotton-tested flame retardant properties increase with the increase in the concentration of phthalonitrile. Phthalonitrile has flame retardant properties on 100% cotton fabric.
Igwe Isaiah Eze, Batsari Yusuf Tajuddeen ,
Abstract
For materials with high ductility, malleability and conductivity, temperature will have significant impact on the material properties. This is especially true for pure elemental metals which have a wide range of applications due to their ultrahigh strengths. Recently, the study of damage mechanism at the nano- and micro level has attracted a significant interest and research. However, the current understanding of deformation mechanisms in nanocrystalline metals in relation to atomic structure and behavior is insufficient. In this study, atomistic simulation of uniaxial tension at nano-scale was performed at a fixed rate of loading (500 ms^-1) on some nano-crystalline face centered cubic metals (Al, Cu, and Ni), to study the nature of tensile deformation at different temperatures using the embedded-atomic method (EAM) potential function. The simulation results show a rapid increase in the stress up to a maximum value followed by a sharp drop when the nanocrystal fails by ductile dislocation. The drop in the stress-strain curves can be attributed to the rearrangement of atoms to a new or modified crystalline structure. Additional simulations were run to study the effects of temperature on the stress-strain curve of nano-crystals. The result shows that increasing temperature weakens the ductility of these nanomaterials. In this investigation, the strain corresponding to yielding stress is observed to be lower with increasing temperature. Finally, the evolution of crystalline microstructure during the entire tensile process was investigated. The atomistic simulation result of tensile deformation at nanoscale obtained in this study agree with plasticity phenomenon observed in macroscale.
